Naturalization Application: How to Get US Citizenship

To become a US citizen through naturalization, you must file Form N-400 with USCIS, meet eligibility requirements, pass an interview and civics test, and take the Oath of Allegiance. The entire process typically takes 8–24 months depending on your location and USCIS workload. Most lawful permanent residents (green card holders) are eligible to apply after 5 years of continuous residence.

Who Is Eligible for Naturalization?

Before submitting your naturalization application for US citizenship, make sure you meet the basic requirements:

You are at least 18 years old
You have been a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a US citizen)
You have maintained continuous residence in the US and have not taken long trips abroad
You have been physically present in the US for at least 30 months out of the past 60
You demonstrate good moral character
You can speak, read, and write basic English
You pass the civics test on US history and government

Step-by-Step: How to File Form N-400

Follow these steps to complete your naturalization application correctly:

Step 1. Download and complete Form N-400 from the official USCIS website (uscis.gov).
Step 2. Gather supporting documents: green card copy, passport photos, tax returns, travel history, and any court records if applicable.
Step 3. Pay the filing fee — currently $725 (includes biometrics). Fee waivers are available for eligible applicants.
Step 4. Submit your application by mail or online through your USCIS account.
Step 5. Attend a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints and photo.
Step 6. Prepare for and attend your naturalization interview and civics test.
Step 7. Receive your decision and, if approved, take the Oath of Allegiance at a ceremony.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Many applicants delay or jeopardize their naturalization application for US citizenship by making avoidable errors:

Failing to report all trips abroad lasting more than 6 months
Omitting arrests or criminal records, even minor ones
Not updating their address with USCIS in time
Submitting incorrect or outdated forms
Missing the biometrics or interview appointment without rescheduling

If your case is complex — for example, you have a criminal history, extended absences from the US, or prior immigration violations — consulting a qualified immigration attorney before filing is strongly recommended.

Get Expert Help With Your Application

Navigating the naturalization process can be challenging, especially if your situation involves complications. Илья Фишкин, иммиграционный адвокат has extensive experience helping immigrants successfully apply for US citizenship. An experienced attorney can review your eligibility, prepare your documents, and represent you if any issues arise during the process.

After You Become a US Citizen

Once you take the Oath of Allegiance, you will receive your Certificate of Naturalization. With it, you can apply for a US passport, vote in federal elections, sponsor certain family members for green cards, and access benefits available only to citizens. Keep your certificate in a safe place — it is an essential identity document.

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